Hip dysplasia is seen when the bones of your hip joint fail to align properly. Even though it mainly impacts babies and young children, it can be seen in adults too. The hip joint serves as the gathering point between your thigh bone (femur) and your hip bone (pelvis). If one is having hip dysplasia then the femur's round ball (femoral head) doesn't correctly match up with the curved socket in your pelvis that it should fit into. This misalignment can further cause cartilage damage and one can witness worrisome signs and symptoms like pain and stiffness, as well as an increased risk of hip dislocations. Dr Aashish Arbat, orthopedic and joint replacement surgeon, Jehangir Multispeciality Hospitals, Pune shares the signs, causes and treatment of hip dysplasia Warning signsThose with hip dysplasia can experience pain in the hip area (mainly in the groin), looseness in the hip, a noticeable limp while walking or moving, and legs of unequal lengths. Infants diagnosed with hip dysplasia who have not yet begun walking may exhibit other symptoms, such as one leg turning outward more than the other, reduced movement in one leg compared to the other, and uneven or wrinkled skin around their thighs and buttocks. Also Read: How social media addiction has given rise to popcorn brain in young adults Key causesHip dysplasia occurs when the femur does not properly align with the socket in the pelvis. This misalignment can result from a shallow hip socket or an irregularly shaped femur head. It can be hereditary, present by birth. Complications of hip dysplasiaThe abnormal formation of the hip joint can lead to excessive wear and tear on the cartilage, eventually leading to osteoarthritis. The instability can put excess strain on the bones, making one prone to fractures. Ones with untreated or undiagnosed hip dysplasia may also experience muscle imbalances and weakness around the affected joint causing uneven gait, reduced range of motion, and chronic pain. Diagnosis and treatmentAn ultrasound, hip x-ray, or even a CT scan will aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Those babies with this condition will be advised to wear a brace or harness to ensure proper hip alignment. Physiotherapy including stretches and exercises will strengthen the muscles around your hip joint and improve your flexibility. However, surgery will be the ultimate option. Common surgeries include hip osteotomy and hip arthroscopies. Osteotomy will allow the reshaping of the patient’s bones. A hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique to restore damage inside the hip joint and allow free movement. People with severe hip dysplasia will have to opt for hip replacement (arthroplasty) as suggested by the doctor. Also Read: Yeast infection, UTI and Jock itch: Common infections of intimate areas and prevention tips Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
03 May,2024 05:19 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondent
One of the most important lessons of content creation is to catch the audience’s attention in the first three seconds. Why? Technology, specifically social media has severely cut down people’s attention spans and given rise to popcorn brains. The ‘popcorn brain’ trend refers to the scattered, distracted state of mind caused by constant multitasking and digital overload,” enlightens Dr Rahul Chandhok, head consultant, mental health and behavioural science, Artemis Hospital, Gurugram. Expanding on it further, Dr Parth Nagda, consultant, psychiatry, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Navi Mumbai says, “Popcorn brain is a colloquial term used to describe a state of mind, wherein, there are excessive, scattered, unrelated thoughts, on different topics that hamper our ability to focus on one specific task. It is like how popcorns pop in a pan when heated – randomly without order. It is an informal term used to describe certain moments in a day when a person feels active but unfocused. It is associated with various other physiological or pathological processes like stress, sleep deprivation, and anxiety.” The term 'Popcorn brain or kernel brain' was first coined in 2011 by David Levy, a quality-of-life researcher at the University of Washington. It denotes the tendency of the mind to hop from one thought or task to another in a manner similar to popcorn popping in a pan – quick, sporadic, and unpredictable. Also Read: Raj Kapoor, Lata Mangeshkar, Pandit Ravi Shankar: Mumbai's Gaylord reopens but carries a legacy with old-world charm and food How is social media responsible for the rise in popcorn brain? According to statistics shared by Nagda, India had the largest Facebook users in the world in 2021 (320 million users), 400 million WhatsApp users, 450 million YouTube users, and 150-200 million Instagram users. These figures speak of how much content Indians are producing and consuming daily. “The average person spends about 145 minutes on social media every day. If the average person maintained this usage over an average life span of 73 years, the result is an astonishing 5.7 years spent on social media platforms,” says Chandhok. Technology, the internet, and social media contribute to popcorn brain by bombarding employees and young adults with a constant stream of notifications, emails, and messages, fragmenting attention and hindering deep focus. The constant connectivity provided by smartphones and computers encourages constant multitasking and information overload, fragmenting attention and undermining focus. Social media platforms are designed to capture and retain attention and perpetuate addictive behaviours which results in compulsive checking and distraction. Furthermore, societal pressures to stay constantly connected contribute to feelings of overwhelm and anxiety. The existence of digital communication and the expectation of instant responses further worsen the problem, making it challenging for people to disconnect and regain control over their cognitive processes. Also Read: Vital organ damage to death: Mumbai doctors share tips to protect yourself from heatstroke in summer What led to the rise in popcorn brain?Chandok states, “Many factors contributed to the rise in the popcorn brain in recent years.” Some of them include: 1. Digital overload: Constant exposure to digital devices and information overload can interfere with the brain's capacity to focus. 2. Multitasking culture: The expectation to multitask in today's fast-paced world can fragment attention and result in scattered thinking. 3. Social media: Extended periods of scrolling and constant notifications from social media platforms can disrupt concentration and promote distracted thinking. 4. Stress and anxiety: High levels of stress and anxiety, which are very common in modern society, can impair cognitive function and increase mental restlessness. 5. Lack of mindfulness: Decreased emphasis on mindfulness and presence in daily life results in a distracted mind. Does popcorn brain harm mental health and productivity?According to Nagda, “Popcorn brain can have significant negative consequences. Concerning mental well-being, constantly checking your phones and responding to every notification the minute it is received can reduce focus and productivity at work. One can also face difficulty in learning new tasks and memory issues.” “Further, constantly checking your phone can also increase levels of stress or anxiety leading to burnout. The habit of constantly being on the phone also comes in the way of our sleeping habits. Poor sleep quality can also cause corresponding issues. Additionally, the urge to use your phone also leads to a decreased sense of satisfaction or enjoyment as it’s difficult to enjoy hobbies or activities by being fully engaged at the moment.” Popcorn brain also affects work productivity leading to poor performance. One can face difficulty in concentration which can take longer for the tasks to finish. A disturbed sleep cycle makes one feel too tired to finish tasks within deadlines the next day. Similarly, the impulsivity to check phones after every few minutes can hamper proper decision-making. Instead of making meaningful progress on important tasks, people may find themselves stuck in a cycle of never-ending work where they are not being their productive selves and are constantly exhausted. These issues can then lead to indecisiveness/ procrastination and a sense of being overwhelmed and stressed out. Also Read: ‘Drafting a living will safeguards your right to live and die with dignity’ What are the symptoms of popcorn brain? Chandok shares key symptoms of popcorn brain: 1. People may experience a constant urge to check their smartphones or other devices, even when unnecessary, leading to disrupted workflows and decreased productivity. 2. They may face difficulty in focusing on tasks for extended periods, frequent forgetfulness, heightened distractibility, and reduced ability to retain information. 3. People may struggle to prioritise tasks, feeling overwhelmed by the sheer volume of information and responsibilities. 4. Sleep disturbances, like insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns, can also be associated with popcorn brain, as excessive digital stimulation before bedtime disturbs the brain's ability to unwind and rest effectively. Can children have a popcorn brain? “The term isn’t used for children, but they can have similar symptoms due to behavioural issues, care given when growing up, normal variations of teenage / childhood behaviour or due to a psychiatric illness such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder),” says Nagda. According to Chandok, “Children are also vulnerable to developing a popcorn brain because of their exposure to digital devices and constant stimulation from screens. This phenomenon can negatively impact their developing minds in various ways.” Excessive screen time can interfere with cognitive development, compromising attention span, memory, and critical thinking skills. It may also hamper social and emotional development by reducing opportunities for face-to-face interaction and empathy-building experiences. Furthermore, the constant use of digital mediums can cause sleep disturbances and increased risk of anxiety and depression. It can also lead to reduced academic performance due to difficulty in focusing in exams, homework or classroom. Limiting screen time and promoting offline activities are crucial for mitigating these negative effects and fostering healthy cognitive development in children. How to get rid of popcorn brain? 1. Mindfulness meditation: Practise focusing on the present moment to keep the mind calm. 2. Organisational tools: To keep everything organised and less cluttered, use planners, calendars, or apps to jot down thoughts and tasks. 3. Break tasks into smaller steps: To prevent setting unrealistic goals, divide tasks into manageable chunks. 4. Limit multitasking: Focus on one task at a time to improve concentration. 5. Regular exercise: Being physically active can help in reducing stress and improve cognitive function. 6. Deep breathing exercises: Practise deep breathing exercises to relax and refocus the mind. 7. Engage in hobbies: Engaging in hobbies that don’t require the use of technology will help improve the mind. These hobbies can include singing, drawing, sketching, cycling, gardening, cooking, baking, dancing etc.
03 May,2024 05:03 PM IST | Mumbai | Aakanksha AhireHealth Summer special WatermelonSeasonal Fruits Watermelons have one of the highest percentages of water among fruits. They also have a good amount of fibre, and like all fruits, are rich in antioxidants.How does it help you? The high content of water means that watermelons are perfect for hydration during summer. The fibre guarantees good bowel movement. The antioxidants help fight diseases such as cancer. For instant refreshment in summer, have chilled slices of the fruit. Tadgola (Palm fruit)Rich in Tadgolas are rich in potassium and like watermelons have a high water content. How does it help you? Getting to the fleshy, jelly-like fruit of the tadgola is a task due to its hard shell. But the rich potassium content means that it benefits your heart. The water content helps replenish your body’s water levels. JamunRich in Jamuns are not just rich in colour but antioxidants as well. Also, they have a low glycaemic index.How does it help you? A good dose of antioxidants means better immunity levels. Jamuns are also great for your digestive system and help cure conditions such as diarrhea. A low glycaemic index means it is good for diabetic patients too. MuskmelonRich in Like all yellow (refer colour column) fruits and vegetables, muskmelons are rich in beta-carotene. It is also rich in fibre. How does it help you? Beta-carotene is converted to Vitamin A in the body. Hence, muskmelons are great for your skin and eyes. The fleshy fruit also helps your bones stay healthy. And like watermelon, it is good for bowel movement. PineappleRich in This spiky fruit is rich in bromelain and fibre. How does it help you? The bromelain helps maintain good digestion. It also helps heal injuries and bones.
03 May,2024 11:26 AM IST | Mumbai
A prickly itch in your naughty bits, especially in public places, makes for an extremely uncomfortable and embarrassing situation. The constant urge to scratch your private parts is an indication of you not taking your intimate hygiene seriously and that you might just be suffering from skin infections in your private areas. Such infections in intimate areas are exacerbated during hot and humid summers. With the mercury hitting 40 degrees Celcius, ensuring optimal intimate hygiene is paramount. Although regular baths and the use of talcum powders might be a summer routine for most of us to keep infections at bay, taking care of private parts requires much more than just that. We contacted experts to get you a complete guide on how to keep those nasty red rashes and wet disgusting infections from coming at you. Dr Rohan Palshetkar, head of Unit Bloom IVF, professor, department of OBGY, DY Patil School of Medicine tells Mid-day.com that infections of the intimate areas are common in summer. “Sweating in the genital area can create a warm, moist environment that promotes the growth of bacteria and yeast, leading to infections. Further, dehydration can cause vaginal dryness, making it easier for bacteria to enter the vagina and cause infections,” says Palshetkar. Also Read: How social media addiction has given rise to popcorn brain in young adults Dr Shefali Trasi Nerurkar, consultant dermatologist, Dr Trasi clinic and La Piel skin clinic adds, “Lack of personal hygiene and improper clothing also make the patients more prone to these infections.” Further, Dr Trishna Gupte, clinical cosmetologist and trichologist, founder, The Cosmo-Square clinic, ISCA also highlights, “Excessive sun exposure on intimate skin can lead to sunburn, skin cancer, and premature ageing. The fragile skin in intimate locations of the body is frequently more sensitive to harm than other sections of the body. Hence ensuring proper hygiene is extremely crucial.” Which infections of intimate areas are common in summer? Palshetkar: Heat, sweat, and dehydration can make your intimate areas prone to several issues such as: Yeast infections: They are a common side effect of summer on the vagina. The hot and humid weather can create an ideal environment for yeast to thrive, leading to vaginal itching, burning, and discharge. It presents with a white curdy discharge from the vagina or penis and is treated with anti-fungal medications. Bacterial vaginosis: It is a condition caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis include vaginal discharge, itching, and a foul odour. It presents with a foul-smelling, greenish discharge. It is commonly seen in women and treated with oral antibiotics. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): UTIs are more common in the summer due to dehydration and sweating, which can irritate the urinary tract and lead to an infection. Patients usually complain of a burning sensation while passing urine. The treatment provided is hydration and antibiotics. Taenia: Constant moisture due to sweat can give rise to wetness that causes superficial skin infections like taenia. Some also have extremely dry skin that can become dryer in summer due to dehydration or a lack of hormones, particularly for those in the peri-menopausal age group. Patients usually complain of dry itchy skin with patches. Intertrigo: It is a condition of the skin in the stomach fold, groin and under the breasts. It causes rash which is sore and itchy. It happens when areas of moist skin rub together. Bacteria and yeast can grow in this environment, leading to an infection. Intertrigo looks like a red, raw rash on the skin. It may feel sore or itchy, and it can sometimes ooze. It can develop in any fold of the skin. The most commonly affected areas of the body include the neck, under the breasts, the abdomen, the groin, the back, the upper leg, behind the knees, between the buttocks, in the webs of the fingers, and in the webs of the toes. Intertrigo may develop in one or more of these places Also Read: Vital organ damage to death: Mumbai doctors share tips to protect yourself from heatstroke in summer Gupte: Other infections common in men include: Jock itch: Symptoms include redness, itching, and a rash in the groin area. Treatment involves antifungal creams with a recovery time of one to two weeks. Balantis: Symptoms include redness, swelling, and pain on the head of the penis. Treatment involves antifungal or antibiotic creams with a recovery time of one to two weeks. Prostatitis: Symptoms include pain in the pelvic area and difficulty urinating. Treatment includes antibiotics with a recovery time of two to six weeks. What kind of risk does exposure to direct sun hold for intimate areas? Gupte: Excessive sun exposure on intimate skin can lead to sunburn, skin cancer, and premature ageing. The fragile skin in these locations is frequently more sensitive to harsh sunlight than other parts of the body. Seek shelter during peak solar hours – which are usually between 10 am and 4. Wear protective gear, such as lightweight and breathable fabrics that cover the skin. How should women maintain intimate hygiene in summer? Nerurkar: Women can do the following to ensure proper hygiene in intimate areas: 1. Take cold or lukewarm water baths regularly. 2. Use intimate cleansers for washing intimate areas. These cleansers are pH skin-friendly and anti-septic. 3. Always use anti-fungal or cooling dusting powders to help absorb the skin's sweat and keep that area dry. 4. Change underwear regularly, especially if you sweat excessively. 5. Drink lots of water and consume cooler foods to keep the body’s temperature cool. 6. Don’t share clothes and towels with other family members. 7. Since swimming is a preferred hobby in summer, ensure you take a shower after you take a swim. Gupte: Additionally, practise excellent wiping practices by wiping from front to back after using the restroom to prevent the spread of bacteria. Avoid douching or using harsh soaps and scents in the vaginal area as these can alter the natural pH balance and cause infections. How should men maintain intimate hygiene in summer?Nerurkar: Men too should follow more or less the same tips but some additional hygiene care involves: 1. Use loose boxers or shorts at home to allow easy breathing of groin skin. 2. Shave the hair from intimate areas for better hygiene. What kind of undergarments must men and women wear during the hot season? Palshetkar: Unless you are looking to dazzle, stick to breathable fabrics as they’re less likely to irritate and cause yeast and bacterial infection. Cotton prevents sweating to a great extent and thus is the right fabric to opt for. Gupte: Tight underwear should be avoided since it might increase heat and moisture in the groin area. Instead, boxer briefs made of moisture-wicking fabric are advised. Lightweight materials such as cotton are recommended because they allow for improved airflow and sweat absorption, keeping the body cool and dry Finally, choosing undergarments that prioritise breathability, moisture management and comfort will help men keep cool and comfortable during the summer. Also Read: Greasy and itchy skin in summer? Here is an easy guide for healthy skin during the hot season Which skincare products must be used to prevent infections in the intimate areas? Gupte: Women can use intimate washes with gentle ingredients like aloe vera to maintain pH balance. Men can opt for talc-free powders to keep the groin area dry and prevent chafing. Palshetkar: In case of itching and rash please visit a dermatologist, gynaecologist, or urologist. Suggest some easy home remedies for such infections Gupte: For summer-related skin issues, aloe vera gel can soothe irritated skin, and wearing breathable fabrics can help maintain dryness in intimate areas. Nerurkar: Drink lots of water and eat fresh fruits and salads to keep the body and skin cool. What common mistakes should be avoided in case of an infection in a private part? Nerurkar: Avoid wearing synthetic clothes and innerwear. It leads to a moist environment in the intimate area. Do not wear tight clothing. Strictly keep the groin region dry. Wipe the intimate areas with cloth or tissues and keep the area dry. Gupte: One common error is failing to use sunscreen, which results in sunburn and skin damage. Another mistake is over-washing your face, which can remove natural oils and alter the skin's moisture balance. Also, both genders should avoid using heavy, oil-based moisturisers in the summer, since they can clog pores and worsen sweat-related outbreaks. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
03 May,2024 10:57 AM IST | Mumbai | Aakanksha AhireHealth experts on Thursday warned gym goers, especially those in their mid-30s and 40s, should get themselves properly evaluated by doctors before beginning their exercise regimen, as sudden heart attacks returned in India, claiming the lives of at least four people -- three young adults and one minor -- in Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat in the last 24 hours. The tragic news has raised fresh concerns over the fatal disease, which soared significantly in the country post the Covid-19 pandemic. In four separate incidents, a 32-year-old man passed away at a gym in UP’s Varanasi on Wednesday, a 17-year-old minor died in Rajkot, while a 40-year-old man living in Hanuman Madhi Chowk area died of a heart attack on Thursday. Also Read: Why a rising number of young Indians dying due to heart attacks? Another man, aged 34 years, died of a heart attack in Gujarat's Navsari while riding a bike. "Whenever we start gymming/exercise, it should be a gradual onset, the duration should be staggered, should initially be less and then and gradually be increased to match the person’s tolerance level," Dr Manish Aggarwal, Senior Consultant and head of interventional cardiology at PSRI Hospital, told IANS. He noted that a doctor's assessment can warn of any risk factor for coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, strong family history of heart disease, which can help avert any untoward incidents. Tobacco smoking, unhealthy lifestyle with increased intake of junk foods rich in salt, sugar, and unhealthy oils, and zero exercise are some of the major risk factors for the increasing heart attack cases in the country. Last year, several people collapsed at Garba events during Navratri in Gujarat, and at least 10 people reportedly died of heart attacks. The youngest of the victims was just 17 years old. While heart attacks have been occurring for long, the Covid virus as well as the vaccine have been speculated as a risk factor. The deaths also come amid reports of British pharma giant AstraZeneca admitting that its Covid vaccine, developed in collaboration with the University of Oxford, and sold as Covishield in India, can raise the risk of blood clots. Blood clots, which narrow the arteries leading to the heart, can cause a heart attack. Also Read: Health expert lists down alarming symptoms of heart attack and treatment This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
02 May,2024 07:14 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSPerimenopause -- the transitional phase before menopause -- may raise the risk of depression among women by 40 per cent, according to a study on Wednesday. The study by researchers from the University College London (UCL) is based on a meta-analysis of seven studies involving 9,141 women from across the world, including Australia, the US, China, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. Compared to premenopausal women, the results published in the Journal of Affective Disorders found that perimenopausal women had a significantly higher risk (around 40 per cent) of experiencing depressive symptoms and being diagnosed with depression. The finding highlights the "clinical need for screening and support in this potentially vulnerable group". No significant increase in depression risk was found for postmenopausal women compared to those who were premenopausal. "This study shows that women in the perimenopausal stage are significantly more likely to experience depression than either before or after this stage," said senior author Roopal Desai, from UCL's Psychology & Language Sciences. "Our findings emphasise the importance of acknowledging that women in this life-stage are more vulnerable to experiencing depression. It also underlines the need to provide support and screening for women to help address their mental health needs effectively," she added. Mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy can be helpful, according to a previous study by the same researchers. Perimenopause, which occurs three to five years before the onset of menopause, causes fluctuation in oestrogen and progesterone levels. This leads to mood changes, irregular menstrual cycles, and other menopausal symptoms, including increased feelings of depression. This stage of menopause continues until one year after a woman’s last period and can often last for between four and eight years in total. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
01 May,2024 11:54 AM IST | New Delhi | IANSThrombosis Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) -- a blood clot disorder -- is a rare side effect of AstraZeneca’s Covid vaccine, and the benefits far outweigh the risks of the jab, said doctors here on Tuesday. This comes after reports said that AstraZeneca has for the first time accepted in court documents that its vaccine, developed in partnership with Oxford University, can raise the risk of a rare and serious blood clot. The Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid vaccine, sold as Covishield in India and Vaxzevria in Europe is a viral vector vaccine developed using the modified chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1. Covishield manufactured and marketed in India in partnership with Serum Institute of India (SII), was widely administered in the country -- to almost 90 per cent of the Indian population. "Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Syndrome (TTS) is one of the rare but very serious adverse effects that has happened as part of Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (VITTP). The incidence has been as low as one in 50,000 (0.002 per cent), but in a huge population, the number becomes sizeable," infectious disease expert Dr Ishwar Gilada, told IANS. "TTS is a very rare condition resulting from an abnormal immune response. Although it has several causes, it has also been linked with adenovirus vector vaccines and the WHO published a report on May 27, 2021 about it," Dr Rajeev Jayadevan, co-chairman of the Indian Medical Association’s National Covid-19 Task Force, told IANS. What is the case? The British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical company has admitted for the first time in the UK court documents that its Covid vaccine can cause a rare blood clot risk, the Telegraph reported. About 51 cases have been lodged in the UK High Court against the pharmaceutical giant over claims that its Covid vaccine caused death and serious injury. The victims and grieving relatives have sought damages, estimated to be worth up to 100 million pounds, the report said. Although AstraZeneca is contesting the claims "it has accepted, in a legal document submitted to the High Court in February that its Covid vaccine 'can, in very rare cases, cause TTS'", the report said. TTS causes people to have blood clots and a low blood platelet count. AstraZeneca’s Covid vaccine and link to TTS? In India, almost 90 per cent of people who received Covid vaccine, received the AstraZeneca vaccine which in India is called Covishield. It is made from a harmless cold virus, which is from chimpanzees and is called adenovirus. "Once this virus is genetically modified or engineered to match the SARS-CoV-2, a causative organism for Covid-19, this works on a spike protein. So, the vaccine is incorporated with the S spike protein genetic sequence," said Dr Gilada, Secretary General People's Health Organisation-India, Mumbai. Explaining the mechanism of potential TTS risk, he said that the vaccine is injected in the arm which is in the deltoid muscle. However, “sometimes instead of just getting into muscles, it also enters the bloodstream. Once it enters the bloodstream, the adenovirus in the vaccines acts like a magnet, with a special affinity to a type of protein in the blood called platelet factor 4 (PF4),” the doctor said. “While PF4 is normally used by the body to promote coagulation in blood, in rare instances, the body's immune system confuses it as a foreign body or foreign invader and then releases antibodies to attack it -- called mistaken identity. "It is theorised that such antibodies then react and clump together with PF4, forming the blood clots that have become so heavily linked with the vaccine. Such clots in the brain and heart can cause disastrous adverse effects," the doctor said. Should all Covishield vaccine takers be worried? "No, we need not because it has happened to a very few people," Dr Gilada said. "The difficulty is to distinguish between the complications that are caused by Covid itself or long-Covid or the vaccine. That remains debatable and indistinguishable for the scientific community as also the legal fraternity," he added. Importantly, Dr Jayadevan said: "People who are vaccinated have an overall lower risk of death from Covid as well as complications such as post-Covid heart attacks and strokes afterwards." "Although there are extremely rare serious side effects for vaccines, the benefits far outweigh the risks. Covid vaccines have prevented hundreds of thousands of people from dying. For example, in the US, 232,000-318,000 people have died from Covid, due to refusal to vaccinate from disproportionate fear of vaccination," he added. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
01 May,2024 10:19 AM IST | New Delhi | IANS
The temperature in Mumbai has been inching closer to 40 degrees with a persistent heatwave alert from the IMD. Though Mumbai doctors are not yet receiving cases of heatstroke, they predict the rise in cases as the summer season marches into May. Giving in to the soaring temperatures, Mumbaikars are spotted wearing sunglasses, caps and other headgear to keep their body temperature under normal limits. The sale of chilled water bottles and other fizzy drinks has shot up. Summer drinks like aam panna, nimbu paani and nariyal paani have taken centre stage. While Mumbaikars are trying their best to keep themselves cool during this blazing heat, the risk of heat-induced ailments like heatstroke cannot be ignored. Considering this, Mid-day.com dialled city health experts to seek guidance on how citizens can protect themselves from heatstrokes. Dr Bikky Chaurasia, consultant, internal medicine, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Dr Gaurangi Shah, consultant - general medicine, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and MRC, and Dr Geeta Makhija Chhabria, consultant, general medicine, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre share detailed guidance on heatstroke protection. “Heatstroke occurs when the body can no longer control its temperature. The body's temperature rises rapidly, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body fails to cool down. When heatstroke occurs, the body temperature can rise to 106°F or higher within 10 to 15 minutes,” Shah tells Mid-day.com. “Our body functions best at an internal temperature of about 37°C (98.6°F), but everyone has their own ‘normal’ body temperature which may be slightly higher or lower. Our bodies also constantly adapt their temperature to environmental conditions. It goes up when we exercise, for instance, and it is lower at night and higher in the afternoon than in the morning. The organ systems that work together to maintain body temperature are the nervous system, the muscular system, and the vascular system. Our internal body temperature is regulated by a part of our brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus checks our current temperature and compares it with the normal temperature of about 37°C.” He adds, “If our temperature is too low, the hypothalamus ensures that the body generates and maintains heat. Contrastingly, if our current body temperature is too high, heat is given off or sweat is produced to cool the skin.” When sweating and other mechanisms to reduce temperature fail, the body refuses to cool down and its temperature rises rapidly causing a heatstroke. Who is more at risk of heatstroke in summer? Chaurasia: Several factors can increase the risk of heatstroke for some individuals during the summer. These include: 1. Elderly individuals: Older adults may have less efficient heat regulation systems. 2. Children: They may be less aware of the need to hydrate or take breaks from physical activity. 3. People with chronic illnesses: Conditions like heart disease, diabetes, or obesity can make it harder for the body to regulate temperature. 4. Outdoor workers: Those who work outdoors are at higher risk due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. 5. Athletes: Especially during intense training or competitions, athletes can be vulnerable to heatstroke if they don't take proper precautions. 6. Individuals with certain medications: Some medications can interfere with the body's ability to regulate temperature. 7. People living in urban areas: Urban heat islands can make cities significantly hotter than surrounding areas, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses. Also Read: Aamsul Saar to Kokum Hummus: Try these refreshing Kokum-infused drinks and dishes to beat the Mumbai heat What can trigger a heatstroke? Chaurasia: Here are some reasons that can cause one to suffer from a heatstroke 1. High temperatures: Exposure to extreme heat, especially during heatwaves, can cause stress to the body's cooling systems. 2. Humidity: High humidity levels make it harder for sweat to evaporate, reducing the body's ability to cool down. 3. Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake or excessive fluid loss through sweating can lead to dehydration, impairing the body's ability to regulate temperature. 4. Strenuous physical activity: Engaging in vigorous exercise or labour in hot conditions can generate excess heat, especially if proper hydration and rest are lacking. 5. Underlying health conditions: Certain medical conditions or medications can affect the body's ability to regulate temperature, increasing susceptibility to heatstroke. 6. Alcohol consumption: Alcohol can impair judgment and interfere with the body's ability to regulate temperature, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses. 7. Clothing and environment: Wearing tight or heavy clothing, or being in confined spaces with poor ventilation, can contribute to heat buildup in the body. Are there any specific types of heatstroke depending on the severity? Shah: There are two forms of heatstroke -- Classic and exertional. Classic heatstroke typically affects elderly individuals with chronic medical conditions while Exertional heatstroke affects otherwise healthy people who engage in strenuous exercise in hot or humid weather. Classic heatstroke patients often present with hot, dry skin because of a failure of the normal sweating response, also known as anhidrosis. Whereas in exertional heatstroke, anhidrosis Instead, prolonged sweating occurs following the cessation of exercise. In elderly people who experience classic heatstroke, the mortality exceeds 50 per cent. The mortality rate in exertional heatstroke is less than 5 per cent. What are the common symptoms of heatstroke? Chhabria: 1. High body temperature: A core body temperature of 104 F (40 C) or higher, obtained with a rectal thermometer, is the main sign of heatstroke. 2. Altered mental state or behaviour: Confusion, agitation, slurred speech, irritability, delirium, seizures and coma can all result from heatstroke. 3. Alteration in sweating: In heatstroke brought on by hot weather, your skin will feel hot and dry to the touch. However, in heatstroke brought on by strenuous exercise, your skin may feel dry or slightly moist. 4. Nausea and vomiting: You may feel sick to your stomach or vomit. 5. Flushed skin: Your skin may turn red as your body temperature increases. 6. Rapid breathing: Your breathing may become rapid and shallow. 7. Racing heart rate: Your pulse may significantly increase because heat stress places a tremendous burden on your heart to help cool your body. 8. Headache: You might experience a throbbing pain in your head. Also Read: Scorching summer in Maharashtra: Mumbai expert shares handy tips to protect children from the heat How can heatstroke be prevented? Chhabria: Heatstroke is predictable and preventable. Take these steps to prevent heatstroke during hot weather: 1. Drink plenty of fluids: Staying hydrated will help your body sweat and maintain a normal body temperature. 2. Avoid dehydrating fluids: Beverages like tea, coffee and alcohol cause the body to dehydrate raising the risk of summer ailments. 3. Wear loose-fitting, lightweight clothing: Wearing excess clothing or clothing that fits tightly won't allow your body to cool properly and also hamper the free flow of air leading to trapped heat in the body. 4. Protect against sunburn: Sunburn affects your body's ability to cool itself, so protect yourself outdoors with a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15. Apply sunscreen generously, and reapply every two hours — or more often if you're swimming or sweating. 5. Take extra precautions with certain medications: Be on the lookout for heat-related problems if you take medications that can affect your body's ability to stay hydrated and dissipate heat. 6. Never leave anyone in a parked car: This is a common cause of heat-related deaths in children. When parked in the sun, the temperature in your car can rise to 20 degrees F (more than 11 C) in 10 minutes. It's unsafe to leave a person in a parked car in warm or hot weather, even if the windows are open or the car is parked in the shade. If you park your car keep it locked to prevent your child from entering. 7. Don’t over-exert yourself during hot hours of the day: If you can't avoid strenuous activity in hot weather, drink fluids and rest frequently in a cool spot. Try to schedule exercise or physical labour for cooler parts of the day, such as early morning or evening. 8. Get acclimated: Limit time spent working or exercising in heat until you're conditioned to it. People who are not used to hot weather are especially susceptible to heat-related illness. It can take several weeks for your body to adjust to hot weather. Also Read: Greasy and itchy skin in summer? Here is an easy guide for healthy skin during the hot season What complications can a heatstroke lead to? Shah: Complications of heatstroke include Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), liver injury, hypoglycaemia, rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle injury), and seizures. Despite normalisation of core temperature with cooling, many patients continue to display core temperature disturbances and multi-organ dysfunction. Research has shown that even reversible complications following heatstroke may take longer than seven weeks to resolve. Chabbria: Heatstroke can result in several complications including death, depending on how long the body temperature is high. It can cause vital organ damage like your brain or other vital organs to swell, possibly resulting in permanent damage. Death can occur if vital organ damage continues or is permanent and major. What should one immediately do in case of a heatstroke? Chhabria: Heatstroke requires immediate medical treatment. If you’re waiting for an ambulance to arrive, try to cool the person as much as possible by: 1. Applying ice packs to the neck, groin and armpits.2. Encouraging them to drink slightly salted fluids, such as sports drinks or salted water.3. Have them lie down in a cool, shady, well-ventilated environment.4. Immersing them in cool water, if possible.5. Sprinkling water on them and blowing air across their bodies (evaporative cooling).6. Monitoring their breathing carefully and removing any airway blockages.7. Don’t give any medications, including aspirin and acetaminophen.8. Remove any clothing that is tight or heavy. At the hospital, the person with heatstroke may receive:1. Cooled intravenous fluids through a vein in their arm.2. Cooling blanket.3. Ice bath.4. Medication to prevent seizures.5. Supplemental oxygen. Sometimes cold-water lavage is necessary. This treatment uses catheters (thin, flexible tubes) to fill body cavities with cold water. This helps lower the body temperature overall. The catheter may go into the rectum or down the throat.Healthcare providers stop cooling treatments once the body reaches about 102 degrees Fahrenheit (38.9 degrees Celsius). What OTC medications should be taken to ease the effects of heatstroke? Chaurasia: There is no specific medication to keep handy in heatstroke but a few things can be kept handy such as ors solution. Shah: Do not take paracetamol, aspirin or other such medicines to treat fever/high body temperature due to heatstroke. This worsens the condition and causes liver damage. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
30 April,2024 09:30 AM IST | Mumbai | Aakanksha Ahire
Stress Awareness Month is observed in April every year, aiming to raise awareness about the negative impacts of stress on our physical and mental health. The causes and consequences of stress vary across individuals, but it’s imperative to take steps to manage stress levels through healthy coping mechanisms and stress-reducing activities such as exercise, meditation, and self-care. One such practice which is often overlooked is breathing. Rooted in age-old traditions for generations, breath work has gained prominence as a therapeutic method owing to its documented positive impacts on health. “Box breathing, also referred to as square breathing, represents a method utilised for deliberate, slow inhalation and exhalation. Offering a structured approach to deliberate inhalation and exhalation, box breathing, emerges as a potent method for managing stress. Amidst various deep breathing techniques, box breathing stands out for its efficacy in inducing relaxation,” explains Dr John Muchahary, consultant-pulmonology at Manipal Hospitals, Goa. What is box breathing? Widely recognised for its role in stress alleviation, box breathing serves as a valuable tool in stress management practices, adaptable for implementation before, during, or after tense situations. “This technique comprises four straightforward stages, with its name aimed at guiding individuals to envision a symmetrical box while executing the exercise. By following a simple four-step process, individuals can engage in box breathing to alleviate tension, shift focus away from anxiety-inducing scenarios, ensure sound sleep, reduce hyperventilation, refocus during hectic days, reduce panic and anxiety, lower blood pressure, and regulate ventilation,” says Muchahary. Also Read: Vital organ damage to death: Mumbai doctors share tips to protect yourself from heatstroke in summer Step 1Inhale through the nose for a duration of 4 seconds. This initial inhalation sets the rhythm of the breathing exercise, allowing you to draw in a slow, steady breath. Step 2After completing the inhalation, hold your breath for 4 seconds. This brief pause allows for the retention of the inhaled air within your lungs, promoting oxygen absorption and activating the relaxation response. Step 3Exhale slowly and steadily for 4 seconds. Release the breath through your mouth or nose, focusing on expelling the air in a controlled manner. This phase facilitates the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body, aiding in relaxation. Step 4After completing one cycle, repeat the sequence by starting again with step one. Aim to repeat the entire sequence of inhalation, breath-holding, exhalation, and another breath-holding period three to four times in total. Repeat By following these steps and repeating the sequence, you can engage in box breathing to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and restore a sense of calmness and focus. Please note that the length of the steps can be adjusted to accommodate the individual (e.g., two seconds instead of four seconds for each step). How does box breathing work? “The deliberate pace of slow breathing enables the accumulation of CO2 in the bloodstream, thereby amplifying the cardio-inhibitory reaction of the vagus nerve and prompting the activation of the parasympathetic system upon exhalation. Through this mechanism, the technique effectively diminishes stress levels and enhances mood, indirectly offering relief for conditions such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and depression. Furthermore, optimizing cardiopulmonary function proves pivotal for augmenting lung capacity and pulmonary ventilation while concurrently fortifying the respiratory system, thus mitigating respiratory fatigue. Additionally, some researchers postulate that the relaxation induced by this practice aids in managing attention-related symptoms in children diagnosed with Attention Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),” explains Muchahary. Also Read: Why is India’s fertility rate declining Who is it beneficial for? Since this method enhances both performance and focus, serving as a potent stress reliever, its benefits extend to various individuals, particularly those grappling with specific respiratory conditions such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and individuals who smoke Muchahary tell us. “Individuals with conditions such as hyperventilation syndrome and COPD may benefit from box breathing as a way to manage their breathing patterns and alleviate symptoms. The structured nature of box breathing can help regulate ventilation and improve respiratory function in these patients,” opines Muchahary. He further adds, “This technique holds the capability to regulate and pacify the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), subsequently reducing blood pressure and inducing an immediate sensation of tranquility. Additionally, it plays a role in stabilising body temperature, further contributing to its overall calming effects.” Major benefits of box breathing Below, Muchahary lists seven benefits of box breathing: Helps to deal with tensionBox breathing involves slow, deep breaths, which can help relax the body and alleviate tension. By focusing on controlled breathing, individuals may experience a reduction in physical and mental stress. Counting during box breathing helps to shift the focus away from the panic-inducing scenarioCounting the breaths during box breathing serves as a distraction technique. It redirects attention away from anxiety-provoking situations and toward the rhythmic pattern of breathing, which can help individuals regain control over their thoughts and emotions. Ensures sound sleepBox breathing can promote relaxation and calmness, making it easier for individuals to fall asleep. By engaging in this breathing technique before bedtime, people may experience improved sleep quality and duration. Helps reduce hyperventilation by instructing lungs to breathe rhythmicallyHyperventilation, or over-breathing, can lead to various symptoms such as dizziness, shortness of breath, and tingling sensations. Box breathing encourages slow and controlled breathing, which can help normalize breathing patterns and reduce the likelihood of hyperventilation. Helps refocus when experiencing a hectic or stressful dayDuring times of stress or busyness, taking a moment to practice box breathing can provide a brief respite. It allows individuals to step back from the chaos and regain a sense of calmness and focus. Also Read: A guide to navigating social relationships for individuals with bipolar disorder Reduces panic and anxietyBox breathing is often used as a relaxation technique to alleviate symptoms of panic and anxiety. Its rhythmic and controlled nature can activate the body's relaxation response, leading to decreased feelings of panic and anxiety. Lowers blood pressureDeep breathing techniques, including box breathing, have been shown to have a positive impact on blood pressure. By promoting relaxation and reducing stress, box breathing may help lower blood pressure levels over time. “With its simplistic four-step process, box breathing remains easily accessible for individuals of all backgrounds. Among the array of breathing methods available, box breathing stands out as a valuable tool in alleviating everyday stress. While further research is warranted, existing studies present compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of box breathing in stress management, refocusing efforts, and fostering a positive emotional outlook and mental state,” concludes Muchahary.
30 April,2024 09:20 AM IST | Mumbai | Maitrai AgarwalAlthough rare and curable, young men must be aware of testicular cancer, which can severely impact their reproductive health, say experts. Testicular cancer is not only rare worldwide, but also in India. The country has one of the lowest incidences of testicular cancer with less than 1 man per 100, 000 population affected by this condition. However, it is the most common cancer in young men aged 15 to 35 years, and can significantly affect their fertility levels. "Testicular cancer has a direct impact on the organs that produce sperm, which may interfere with the ability to reproduce," Dr Pallavi Prasad, Fertility Consultant, Nova IVF Fertility, Basaveshwara Nagar, Bengaluru, told IANS. "Surgery is frequently used as the primary therapy for testicular cancer, which involves removing the cancerous testicle. While this surgery tries to eliminate malignant cells, it may influence sperm production. Even if the remaining testicle is healthy, sperm production might be temporarily or permanently impaired," she added. In addition, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, used to target cancer cells throughout the body, can also cause collateral harm to sperm cells, reducing sperm production and quality. The doctor suggested fertility preservation methods, like sperm banking to save sperm samples before cancer treatment. "Men can maintain the prospect of biological parenting by storing sperm before treatment, even if cancer therapy influences fertility. However, it is important to note that fertility preservation methods may not be available to all men, and the decision to explore such treatments might be difficult. Treatment urgency, financial factors, and personal preferences may all impact people's fertility preservation decisions," Dr Prasad said. Although precise reasons behind testicular cancer are not yet understood, risk factors include early exposure to oestrogens via hormone therapy, and congenital conditions like small testes, or undescended testes (cryptorchidism), among others. Dr Shalabh Agrawal, Consultant, Urology, C.K. Birla Hospital, Gurugram, told IANS that the most common symptom of testicular cancer is a painless enlargement in one of the testicles. "This is in contrast to a sudden, painful enlargement, which is more likely to be due to an infection rather than cancer. If a patient is being treated for a long-standing testicular infection but the enlargement persists, they should be screened for the possibility of testicular cancer," he added. Yet, “testicular cancer is considered a highly treatable form of cancer, with a 10-year survival rate exceeding 90 per cent,” Dr Agrwal said, stressing the need for early detection via self-examination. "The self-examination should be performed daily, after showering, by gently palpating both testicles to check for any abnormalities in size, position, or the presence of lumps or swelling. If any such changes are detected, it is essential to promptly report them to a healthcare provider for further evaluation and appropriate management," he added. Also Read: Pune doctors remove turmeric pieces that formed layers in elderly man’s lungs
29 April,2024 04:18 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSUsing home remedies such as turmeric root or cloves to fight cough is a common practice, but a doctor on Friday warned against using these, after removing turmeric pieces that formed layers in an 85-year-old farmer’s lungs. The farmer was presented at DPU Super Specialty Hospital in Pune with an intractable cough that he had been suffering for the last three months and subsequently led to difficulty in breathing. The man had previously visited several hospitals, but could not find a proper treatment for his cough. The doctors suggested a CT scan of the lungs which indicated the presence of a foreign body. Further, during a bronchoscopy procedure, it was observed that a foreign body had enlarged and formed layers in the lungs -- about 2cm long and 1 cm wide -- making it difficult to remove. Using forceps and specialised instruments, and under local anaesthesia, the team of doctors successfully dislodged and extracted the foreign object from the man’s lungs. Also read: NCPCR asks FSSAI to review sugar content in Nestle's baby food products They were initially unable to confirm the nature of the foreign body. But after cutting it they discovered that it had a yellowish colour, and it exhibited a yellowish hue. “During the post-procedure interactions with the patient, the patient reported that he tended to put a piece of turmeric root in his mouth before going to bed, to alleviate cough symptoms,” said Dr M. S. Barthwal, Head of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, who led the team of doctors. He concluded that the piece of turmeric root must have accidentally entered the lungs during sleep and inadvertently lodged in his airway. Following the treatment, the patient's prolonged battle with the painful cough ended, and he was discharged after a few days of recovery, the doctor said. “Last year also, we removed a clove stalk from the lungs of a patient who was keeping it in his mouth for relief of his intractable cough. It is advised that keeping these objects -- turmeric pieces and clove stalks -- do not lead to improvement in cough but land patients in serious condition,” Dr Barthwal said.
27 April,2024 01:12 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSADVERTISEMENT
